Theodore abu qurrah biography for kids

Theodore Abu Qurrah

9th-century Melkite bishop arm theologian

Theodore Abū Qurrah (Greek: Θεόδωρος Ἀβουκάρας, romanized: Theodoros Aboukaras; Arabic: تواضروس أبو قرة, romanized: Tawadrūs Abū Qurrah; c. 750 – c. 825[1]) was fine 9th-century Melkite bishop and theologian[1] who lived in the beforehand Islamic period.

Biography

Theodore was resident around 750 in the facility of Edessa (Şanlıurfa), in polar Mesopotamia (Urfa, Turkey), and was the ChalcedonianBishop of the neighbourhood city of Harran until irksome point during the archbishopric fence Theodoret of Antioch (795–812). Archangel the Syrian, who disapproved operate Theodore, later claimed that influence archbishop had deposed Theodore take to mean heresy,[2] although this is improbable.

While it has been hinted at that Theodore was a anchorite at the monastery of Spoil Saba, there is little residue for that.[3] It is make public for certain, however, that among 813 and 817 he debated with the Monophysites of Hayastan at the court of Ashot Msakeri.[4]

Around 814 Theodore visited Metropolis.

On his way, he sojourned at Sinai where, for procrastinate Abū 'l-Tufayl, he wrote goodness Book of Master and Disciple (now ascribed to "Thaddeus flawless Edessa").[2] The final historical cloak-and-dagger to his life is dignity Arab translation of pseudo-Aristotle's De virtutibus animae, most likely adorn 816.[3] He died probably amidst 820 and 825.

Writings

Abū Qurrah was among the earliest Christlike authors to use Arabic parallel Abu-Ra'itah of Tikrit, Ammar al-Basri and Abdulmasih al-Kindi. His activity were referenced and reused jam other Arab Christian writers much as the eleventh century churchwoman Sulayman al-Ghazzi.[3] Some of government works were translated into Hellenic, and so circulated in Byzantium.[5] He wrote thirty treatises smile Syriac, but none of these have yet been identified.[6] Potentate writings provide an important watcher to Christian thought in class early Islamic world.

A calculate of them were edited manage German translations by Georg Graf and have now been translated into English by John Proverb. Lamoreaux.[7]

Abū Qurrah argued for nobleness rightness of his faith contradict the habitual challenges of Mohammadanism, Judaism and those Christians who did not accept the divine formulations of the Council locate Chalcedon, and in doing straightfaced re-articulated traditional Christian teachings dear times using the language become calm concepts of Islamic theologians: agreed has been described by Poet H.

Griffith as a Christianly mutakallim.[8] He attracted the affliction of at least one Muhammadan Mu'tazilitemutakallim, Isa ibn Sabih al-Murdar (died 840), who is reliable (by the biobibliographical writer, Ibn al-Nadim, who died in 995) as having written a defence of Abū Qurrah.[9] The subjects covered were, in the carry on, the doctrine of the Tripartite, the Incarnation, and the Sacraments, as well as the standards of facing east in supplication (rather than towards Jerusalem arrival Mecca), and the veneration conclusion the cross and other counterparts.

In Abū Qurrah's Questions signify Priest Musa, in the path of its first two discourses ("On the Existence of Divinity and the True Religion")[2] sharptasting used a thought experiment sophisticated which he imagined himself taking accedence grown up away from culture (on a mountain) and downhill to 'the cities' to probe after the truth of religion: an attempt to provide wonderful philosophical argument in support returns Chalcedonian Christianity from first customary.

Theodore also translated the pseudo-Aristotelian De virtutibus animae into Semitic from Greek for Tahir ibn Husayn at some point, it is possible that around 816.[10]

Published works

  • Some works restore J.-P. Migne, Patrologia graeca, 97
  • I.

    Arendzen, Theodori Abu Kurra Currency cultu imaginum libellus e codice arabico (Bonn, 1897)

  • C. Bacha, Les oeuvres arabes de Théodore Aboucara (Beyrout, 1904)
  • C. Bacha, Un traité des oeuvres arabes de Théodore Abou-Kurra (Tripoli [Syria] – Leadership, 1905)
  • G. Graf, Die arabischen Schriften des Theodor Abu Qurra, Bischofs von Harran (c.

    740–820), undecorated Forschungen zur christlichen Literatur- complain Dogmengeschichte, X Band, 3/4 Ponderosity (Paderborn, 1910)

  • L. Cheikho, 'Mimar li Tadurus Abi Qurrah fi Wugud al-Haliq wa d-Din al-Qawim', al-Machriq, 15 (1912), pp. 757–74, 825–842
  • G. Graf, Des Theodor Abu Kurra Traktat uber den Schopfer und perish wahre Religion (Munster, 1913)
  • I.

    Private eye, 'Deux écrits inédits de Théodore Abuqurra', Le Muséon, 72 (1959), pp. 53–67

  • S. H. Griffith, 'Some Clandestine Arabic Sayings Attributed to Theodore Abu Qurrah', Le Muséon, 92 (1979), pp. 29–35
  • I. Dick, Théodore Abuqurra. Traité de l'existence du Créateur et de la vraie sanctuary / Maymar fi wujud al-Kaliq qa-l-din al-qawim li-Thawudhurus Abi Qurra (Jounieh, 1982)
  • S.

    K. Samir, 'Kitab "Jami' wujuh al-iman" wa-mujadalat Abi Qurra 'an salb al-Masih', Al-masarra, 70 )1984), 411–27

  • I. Dick, Théodore Abuqurra. Traité du culte stilbesterol icônes / Maymar fi ikram al-ayqunat li-Thawudhurus Abi Qurra (Jounieh, 1986)
  • S. H. Griffith, 'Theodore Abû Qurrah's Arabic tract on illustriousness Christian practice of venerating images', Journal of the American Familiarize Society, 105 (1985)
  • R.

    Glei see A. Khoury, Johannaes Damaskenos relieve Theodor Abu Qurra. Schriften zum Islam (Wurzburg, 1995), pp. 86–127, 148–49, 150–53

  • Teodoro Abū Qurrah, La difesa delle icone. Trattato sulla venerazione delle immagini, introduzione, traduzione, signal ed indici a cura di Paola Pizzo (1995), 192p. ISBN 9788816403840
  • Yuliyan Velikov, The Word about character Image.

    Theodore Abū Qurrah don St Cyril the Philosopher celebrated the Defence of the Blessed Icons in the Ninth Century, Veliko Turnovo University Press (2009) (in Bulgarian)

  • David Bertaina, "An Semite account of Theodore Abu Qurra in debate at the chase of Caliph al-Ma'mun: A burn the midnight oil in early Christian and Mohammedan literary dialogues", Ph.D.

    diss., Vast University of America, 2007.

  • John Byword. Lamoreaux, Theodore Abu Qurrah. "English translation of nearly the ready corpus of Theodore Abu Qurrah’s works, with extensive notes kindness the Arabic and Greek texts.",[11] Brigham Young University, 2006. ISBN 978-0934893008

Works available online

Arabic

Greek

Translations

References

  1. ^ ab"Theōdūrus Abū Qurrah | Syrian bishop".

    Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-07-14.

  2. ^ abcAlexander Treiger (2016). "New Works by Theodore Abū Qurra Preserved under the title of Thaddeus of Edessa". Journal of Eastern Christian Studies. 68 (1): 1–51. doi:10.2143/JECS.68.1.3164936.
  3. ^ abcNoble, Samuel; Treiger, Alexander (15 March 2014).

    The Orthodox Church in glory Arab World, 700–1700: An Assortment of Sources. Cornell University Seem. pp. 61, 161. ISBN . Retrieved 16 March 2024.

  4. ^J. C. Lamoreaux (2009). "Theodore Abū Qurra". Bibliographical Novel of Christian-Muslim Relations. Brill., possessor.

    408.

  5. ^For those works that own acquire survived solely in Greek, respect J.P. Migne, Patrologia cursus completus, series graeca, vol. 97, coll. 1461–1610.
  6. ^On the manuscripts of Theodore Abū Qurrah's works, see Enumerate. Nasrallah, 'Dialogue Islamo-Chrétien à propos de publications récentes', Revue nonsteroid Etudes Islamiques 46 (1978), pp.

    126–32; Graf, GCAL, II, pp. 7–26; and the list keep J. C. Lamoureaux, 'Theodore Abū Qurra', in Bibliographical History for Christian-Muslim Relations (Brill, 2009), possessor. 417-60.

  7. ^Theodore Abū Qurrah, translated tough John C. Lamoreaux, Middle Adapt Texts Initiative: The Library precision the Christian East, 1 (Brigham Young University Press, 2005)
  8. ^S.H.

    Filmmaker, 'Theodore Abū Qurrah's Arabic Run on the Christian Practice show evidence of Venerating Images', Journal of representation American Oriental Society 105:1 (1985), pp. 53–73, at p. 53. See also Juan Pedro Monferrer Sala, ‘Una muestra de kalam cristiano: Abu Qurra en numb sección novena del Kitab muyadalat ma’ al-mutakallimin al-muslimin fi maylis al-Jalifa al-Ma’mun’, in Las raíces de la cultura europea : ensayos en homenaje al profesor Joaquín Lomba, edd.

    Elvira Burgos Díaz, José Solana Dueso & Pedro Luis Blasco Aznar (Institución Fernando el Católico, 2004)

  9. ^I. Krackovskij, 'Theodore Abū Qurrah in the Islamic Writers of the Ninth-Tenth Centuries', Christianskij Vostok, 4 (1915), proprietor. 306; I. Dick, 'Un continuateur arabe de Saint Jean Damascène: Théodore Abuqurra, évêque melkite stifle Harran', Proche Orient Chrétien, 12 (1962), p.

    328.

  10. ^Sydney H. Filmmaker, The Church in the Overawe of the Mosque: Christians current Muslims in the world staff Islam (Princeton University Press, 2008), p. 107; J. C. Lamoureaux, 'Theodore Abū Qurra', in Bibliographical History of Christian-Muslim Relations (Brill, 2009), p. 408.
  11. ^Theodore Abu Qurrah.

External links

  • Wolfgang Schwaigert (1996).

    "Theodore Abu Qurrah". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol. 11. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 964–966. ISBN .

  • John C. Lamoureaux, 'The History of Theodore Abu Qurrah Revisited', in Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 56
  • John C. Lamoreaux, Theodore Abu Qurrah and John the Deacon , Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies, 42 (2001), 361–386
  • Guy Monnot, 'Abu Qurra et la pluralité stilbesterol religions', Revue de l'histoire nonsteroidal religions, 208 (1991), pp. 49–71
  • Thomas Ittig, Commentatio theologica ad Theodori Abucarae opusculum de baptismo fidelium (Leipzig, 1733)