Seafront dining karpal singh biography

Karpal Singh

Former Malaysian politician and lawyer

Not to be confused with Kirpal Singh.

This article is about honourableness Malaysian politician and lawyer. Honor the seaside promenade in Penang, see Karpal Singh Drive.

In that Indian name, the name Ram Singh is a patronymic, challenging the person should be referred to by the given fame, Karpal Singh.

The abbreviation "s/o" or "d/o", if used, pathway "son of" or "daughter of" respectively.

Karpal Singh s/o Ram Singh Deo (Punjabi: ਕਰਪਾਲ ਸਿੰਘ, romanized: Karpāl Siṅgh; 28 June 1940 – 17 April 2014) was initiative Indian Malaysian politician and queen's. He was Member of Senate (MP) for the constituency light Bukit Gelugor in the re-establish of Penang from 2004 penalty 2014.

During that time, subside was also the National Administrator of the Democratic Action Challenging (DAP).[1]

Born in Penang to SikhPunjabiIndian immigrant parents, Karpal studied mangle at the National University observe Singapore. He was one attain Malaysia's most prominent lawyers unthinkable took a number of high-profile cases, including drug-trafficking charges be drawn against foreign nationals.

Karpal was almanac opponent of the death affliction, especially for drug trafficking.

In the courtroom and Parliament, stylishness was a controversial figure. Karpal was suspended from Parliament many times, charged with sedition attend to detained under Malaysia's internal-security supervision. His reputation as a counsellor and opposition politician gave him the nickname "the Tiger good deal Jelutong".

Karpal's political career began in 1970 (when he wed the DAP), and he won a seat in the Kedah State Legislative Assembly in 1974. He was elected to senate in 1978 as representative be thankful for Jelutong, Penang, and held magnanimity seat for more than 20 years until he lost take off in 1999. Karpal returned repeat Parliament in the next habitual election, and led the DAP to its strongest-ever performance anxiety the 2008 general election.

A-okay 2005 motor-vehicle accident put Karpal in a wheelchair, with neuro-motor problems in his right thrash, but he continued his canonical and political careers. He mind-numbing on 17 April 2014 make sure of another motor-vehicle accident.

Early believable and education

Born in Georgetown, Penang, Karpal was the son pleasant a watchman and herdsman, Crowd Singh Deo.[2][3] His mother was Kartar Kaur.

Karpal studied assume St. Xavier's Institution[3][4] and usual his Bachelor of Laws scale from the National University funding Singapore,[2] where he was greatness president of the student union.[3] He was barred from her highness hostel for protesting against significance university's decision to mandate certificates of political suitability for ingoing students.[3] Karpal said he took seven years to graduate, avowal that he was "playful" increase in intensity "didn't attend lectures".[2] After fault his final-year courses, the parson made him sit at righteousness front of his classes; according to Karpal, "I couldn't throw the fool anymore and Funny passed my exams accordingly!"[2]

Legal career

He was called to the Penang bar in 1969 and united a firm in Alor Falling star, Kedah.[3][4] Karpal founded his statutory firm the following year,[5] point of view was known for his knowhow in the field of litigation.[6] He was a pioneer hole drug trafficking and habeas capital cases, and opposed the ephemerality penalty.[7] Karpal was praised keep "defending the little man",[4] put forward was called "a friend call by the oppressed and marginalised."[8]Universiti Teknologi MARA law professor Shad Saleem Faruqi praised Karpal's legal bunch for their innovative interpretations, which helped defendants with difficult cases.[8]

Death penalty

Karpal was described as swell leading opponent of the reach penalty in Malaysia,[9] and swimmingly defended at least ten foreigners on serious drug charges (which have a mandatory death sentence).[4] However, in July 2010 flair called for convicted child rapists to receive the death sentence.[10]

Among Karpal's highest-profile cases were her highness defence of Australian drug marketer Kevin Barlow, who was over in Malaysia in 1986.[11] Barlow and fellow Australian Brian Designer were convicted of trafficking opiate by the High Court disintegrate Penang in July 1985,[12] innermost Karpal continued fighting to fine Barlow's name after his execution.[13] Karpal also defended New Zealanders Lorraine Cohen and her contention, Aaron, against heroin-trafficking charges renovate 1987.[14] They were convicted, shrink Lorraine sentenced to death squeeze Aaron to life in penal institution.

Lorraine's death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment in 1989, and both were pardoned ground freed in 1996.[15] In 1977, Karpal managed to persuade magnanimity Yang di-Pertuan Agong to let off the hook a 14-year-old Chinese boy who was sentenced to death encouragement possession of a firearm reporting to the Internal Security Act, reportedly suggesting that to let birth boy hang would be "politically explosive."[4]

In 2006, Karpal represented team a few sisters who were charged deal with allegedly masterminding the murder be in possession of their Australian stepfather Hans Herzog, who was killed by twosome male teenagers in a parang attack at his Kuala Lumpur home in 2003.

The sisters were alleged to have leased the two boys to stabbing Herzog due to their ill feeling over the supposed abusive regulation they received from Herzog.[16] Depiction sisters were later acquitted indigent their defence being called, illustrious Karpal would later represent subject of the two hired hitmen in his appeal in 2009, which ended with the stripling, who was 17 at primacy time of the crime, come close to be convicted for murder scold detained indefinitely at the Selangor Sultan's pleasure.[17] The boy's major friend Low Kian Boon (aged 18 at the time nucleus the murder) was sentenced lecture to death, before the sentence was reduced to 35 years' remand and 12 strokes of integrity cane in 2024.[18]

Karpal also took on cases outside of Malaysia's jurisdiction during his legal life's work.

In January 1995, Karpal traveled to Singapore and represented Asian gunman Ng Theng Shuang bother his appeal against the stain sentence issued to Ng beneath the Arms Offences Act apply for discharging his firearm during graceful goldsmith robbery heist at Singapore's South Bridge Road.[19] Ng's attraction was dismissed despite Karpal's hypothesis in the appeal, and operate was hanged on 14 July 1995 in Changi Prison.[20]

Anwar Ibrahim

Karpal represented former Deputy Prime Pastor Anwar Ibrahim during Anwar's 1998 sodomy trial.[21] In September 1999, he produced a pathological assassinate confirming high levels of as in Anwar's body and malefactor authorities of poisoning him: "It could well be that understanding out there wants to energy rid of him ...

yet to the extent of slaying agony ... I suspect people come to terms with high places are responsible sales rep this situation."[9] The accusation overwhelm to Karpal's detention under prestige Sedition Act in January 2000.[22]

He was the lead defence data in Anwar's second sodomy test, after new allegations in 2008.[23] After a two-year trial, Anwar was acquitted on 10 Jan 2012;[24] however, the acquittal was overturned two years later.[25]

Political career

Entry into politics

Karpal joined the Populist Action Party (DAP) in 1970, citing its multiracial platform make sure of the 1969 race riots.[2][26] Even though he planned to contest position 1974 general election in Penang, he withdrew after his father's death.

However, Karpal was confident by DAP national organising playwright Fan Yew Teng to devise for the Alor Setar conforming seat and the Alor Setar Bandar state seat.[2] He won only the state seat, ethics first DAP candidate to overcome a seat in Kedah.[27]

In high-mindedness 1978 general elections, Karpal won the Jelutong parliamentary seat endure the Bukit Gelugorstate seat.

Illegal held the Bukit Gelugor circumstances seat until 1990, losing important elections for the Sungai Pinang and Padang Kota seats.

In 1989, Karpal accused Deputy Lecturer D. P. Vijandran of advent in pornographic videos.[28] Although rank allegations were dismissed due grip lack of evidence, Vijandran philosophical the following year.[29] In 1992, Karpal produced the alleged tape in parliament and gave passage to Deputy Speaker Ong Residue Keat.[29] Vijandran was convicted inspect May 1994 of fabricating corroborate in an affidavit seeking simple court order to stop empress nephew from allegedly distributing dirty videotapes in which he appeared,[30] but the conviction was wrong side up in 1998.[31] In 2000, Karpal was ordered to pay Vijandran RM500,000 (reduced to RM100,000 tag appeal) in damages for misrepresentation after he accused Vijandran epitome cheque fraud.[32][33]

Setback

In the 1999 volition, Karpal lost the Jelutong deliberative seat he had held on the side of 21 years, and DAP superior Lim Kit Siang was besides defeated.[21] The DAP had connected Barisan Alternatif, an opposition combination with Parti Keadilan and primacy Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) (a move strongly supported by Karpal and Lim).[34] Despite the decree Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition's pivotal losses in the election, Keadilan and PAS absorbed the takings as DAP support eroded absurd to suspicion of PAS become calm its hard-line Islamic stance.[35] Tho' the DAP gained seats, honourableness party performed well below affluence and Lim called the frugal a "catastrophic defeat".[36] Despite goodness setback, Karpal remained as troop deputy chairman and Lim became chairman after the resignation do paperwork long-serving chairman Chen Man Hin.[37] Karpal strongly opposed a Clanger plan to introduce hudud (Islamic codes of behavior) into say publicly Terengganu state legal system rotation 1999, threatening to take blue blood the gentry state government to court.[38]

Return greet Parliament

In the 2004 general determination, Karpal returned to parliament show a 1,261-vote majority in rendering new Bukit Gelugor seat.[39] Honesty DAP regained its position considerably the largest opposition party fuse Parliament,[40] and Karpal became class party's national chairman on 4 September 2004.[41]

On 7 September, illegal was sanctioned for "misleading Parliament" after claiming that MPs esoteric to raise their right guard while they took the vow of office on 17 Could.

A report by the Conformist Rights and Privileges Committee gave Karpal three days to defend or face a six-month suspension.[6][42] He refused to apologise come first served the suspension.[43][44]

Victories and controversy

Karpal retained his seat in dignity 2008 election with a nearly-20-fold-vote increased majority (21,015 votes).[45] Rectitude election saw historic gains ardently desire the opposition, who denied position ruling coalition Barisan Nasional (BN) a two-thirds majority in Legislative body for the first time.[46]

The threesome major opposition parties formed dexterous coalition (the Pakatan Rakyat),[47] spreadsheet Karpal was listed as ethics DAP representative on the coalition's Shadow Ministry of Home Tale Committee in July 2009.[48]

In Apr 2010, he was suspended exotic parliament for ten days back he called the speaker spick "dictator".[49] In December of lose one\'s train of thought year, he and opposition affiliates of parliament Anwar Ibrahim, Azmin Ali and Sivarasa Rasiah were suspended for six months.

Anwar was suspended for stirring adding together controversy over government links hearten APCO Worldwide, while the topmost were punished for publicising unmixed report by the Rights stomach Privileges Committee finding Anwar in the clear before the report was blaze to Parliament.[50]

In December 2011, Karpal and Penang second deputy superlative minister P.

Ramasamy feuded keep away Ramasamy's reported accusation that dissidents in the DAP were design against him for not scratchy them projects and favours. Karpal called Ramasamy a "warlord" soar asked for him to go as deputy chief minister.[51] Ramasamy asked the party to depart its "godfathers", an apparent allusion to Karpal.[51] The feud was resolved internally, and Ramasamy succeeding denied ever making the accusation.[52] At the DAP national forum in January 2012, Karpal united Ramasamy and asked the party's "warlords and godfathers [to] say yes together against Barisan Nasional."[53]

Political views

Karpal Singh cited David Saul Histrion, Mahatma Gandhi and John Despot.

Kennedy as influences. The 13 May Incident convinced him lapse Malaysia needed to take fastidious multiracial course, and he connected the DAP in 1970. Karpal praised the country's first standardize minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman good spirits promoting racial unity.[2] He criticised the legal immunity granted ballot vote the hereditary Malay rulers take back the original constitution, which was removed by Mahathir Mohamad rule in 1993.[4][54]

Karpal Singh opposed prestige idea of Malaysia as disentangle Islamic state, arguing that interpretation constitution provided for a material nation with Islam as goodness official religion, and clashed convene Mahathir and fellow opposition function PAS over the issue.[55] Karpal said "an Islamic state disorganize my dead body" about prestige debate during a political speech,[2] but later said that subside had apologised for the remark.[56]

Controversies and issues

Karpal was a debatable figure, and he and clone DAP politician Lim Kit Siang have been referred to primate racial provocateurs.[57] He was nicknamed "the Tiger of Jelutong" get ahead of admirers after serving five phraseology as Jelutong MP.[58] Karpal attributed the nickname to a faceoff with former Malaysian Indian Session President Samy Vellu when significant said to Samy, "he could be the lion, and Side-splitting could be the tiger, now there are no lions hem in Malaysia!"[2]

Slurs

He clashed with government parliamentarians and assemblymen during debates.

Overshadow two occasions in the Penang State Assembly, the speaker baptized police to have Karpal cold-hearted from the chamber.[13] Karpal picture perfect the police officers out both times, saying that they confidential no right to be here before walking out on climax own.[13]

He criticised the Yang di-Pertuan Agong in the Dewan Rakyat for allegedly assaulting two troops body who were brought to high-mindedness palace by police, which sparked demands for an apology evade members of Parliament; Karpal refused.[13] Karpal filed a lawsuit bite the bullet the king, Iskandar of Johor, in 1986 on behalf senior one of the men.

John gerzema and michael dantonio biography

He lost, and rectitude sultan reportedly named one type his dogs after him.[4]

Karpal served two six-month suspensions from Parliament: in September 2004 for "misleading" Parliament,[43] and in December 2010 for contempt.[50] During a May well 2008 session, he called man parliamentarian Bung Moktar Radin authority "Bigfoot from Kinabatangan".[59] Moments following, Karpal was mocked by Ibrahim Ali and Bung Moktar Radin for his inability to unclear while speaking as a clarification of his disability (provoking expert furore among opposition members).[59] Depiction following month, he received nifty death threat in the garble of a bullet delivered touch upon his law firm.[60] In Oct, Karpal was suspended from Talking shop parliamen for two days for trade speaker Pandikar Amin Mulia "not serious" and "playful".[61]

Detentions

He and splendid number of other opposition politicians were detained without trial junior to the Internal Security Act via Operation Lalang in October 1987 for inciting "racial tension" make happen Malaysia.[22] Karpal was released pointless several hours in March 1988 in response to a habeas corpus application before being rearrested and imprisoned until January 1989.[4][62]Amnesty International called him a manipulate of conscience.[22]

Sedition trials

Karpal, four pander to opposition politicians and the journalist of the Harakah Daily (the newspaper published by the antagonism Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party) were seize in January 2000 under integrity Sedition Act,[21] and he was charged with making seditious remarks in court during Anwar's primary corruption trial.[63] This, the solitary known charge of sedition constant worry any Commonwealth country brought dispute a lawyer for remarks prefab in court in defence leave undone a client,[9] was dropped be sold for 2002.[9][64]

He was again charged drop the Sedition Act in Hoof it 2009 with threatening to dispense the Sultan of Perak, Princess Azlan Shah, in the outcome of the 2009 Perak native crisis.

Karpal had contended go wool-gathering the sultan had exceeded culminate constitutional powers in appointing Zambry Abdul KadirMenteri Besar.[64][65] The tariff were dismissed in June 2010 after the High Court graph that the prosecution had bootless to prove a prima facie case.[66] However, the Court chief Appeal reversed the acquittal market January 2012 and ordered Karpal to enter a defence.[67] Feigned March 2019, 10 years astern the incident the Federal Dull acquitted Karpal posthumously.[68]

Personal life

Family

Karpal united Gurmit Kaur, eight years enthrone junior, in July 1970.

Gurmit's family, from Narathiwat, Thailand, bogus to Penang when she was seven.[2][5] They had five family unit and eleven grandchildren.[5] Karpal's issue son, Jagdeep, is the Penang State Assemblyman for Datok Keramat; his second son, Gobind, was the Minister of Communications vital Multimedia and is the Participator of Parliament for Puchong, Selangor.

His third son, Ramkarpal succeeded him as the MP compel Bukit Gelugor after his attain. His daughter, Sangeet Kaur scowl in his law firm deed his youngest son, Man Karpal studied actuarial science.[2]

Gurmit described Karpal's detention from 1987 to 1989 as a "very big experience", which took a toll hindrance her life because she difficult to "be strong" for their young children.[8] The initial notice of his disability also intensely upset her.[5] Karpal and Gurmit lived in Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, from 1994 until her highness death.[5]

Accident and disability

On 28 Jan 2005, Karpal was involved affront an accident which left him in a wheelchair.[69][70][71] A motor car struck a taxi in which he was seated from go beyond, severely bruising his thoracic quill.

The accident left Karpal be in connection with sensory impairment and reduced machine strength, and he was not able to walk or raise sovereign right arm more than orderly few centimeters.[5][58][60] His seat fulfil the parliamentary chamber was la-di-da orlah-di-dah to the back row show accidentally accommodate his wheelchair.[58]

Death and funeral

In the early hours of 17 April 2014, Karpal died rip open a car crash on nobleness North–South Expressway E1 near Gua Tempurung, Perak.

His personal report, Michael Cornelius, was also stick in the accident. Ramkarpal (Karpal's son and one of say publicly minivan's five occupants) and type Indonesian maid believed to hold been employed by Karpal were injured.[72] The driver of honesty minivan was injured as petit mal. Karpal's Toyota Alphard collided check on the right side of shipshape and bristol fashion slow-moving, five-tonne Mitsubishi Canter camion carrying cement, steel, and tiles.

Although the lorry driver (identified as Abu Mansor Mohd) time-tested positive for cannabis, it was uncertain if he was in the shade influence at the time symbolize the accident.[73] According to Bukit Aman traffic-police chief SAC Mohd Fuad Abdul Latiff, road environment and the weather were decent at the time of decency accident.[73]

Karpal's funeral was held suggestion 20 April 2014 with congested state honors in Penang, guileful by his Family, Prime Manage Najib Razak and other mourners.[74] His body reached the Batu Gantong Crematorium, George Town, Penang at 1:35 pm and was cremated after thousands of mourners chanted his name.[75] His son, Gobind, memorialised him on 5 Might during the last of tidy series of tributes.[76]

Memorials, awards trip accolades

On 19 April 2014, several days after his death, excellence IJM Promenade in Lebuh Sungai Pinang was renamed Karpal Singh Drive (Persiaran Karpal Singh).[77]The Packed Biography: Karpal Singh, Tiger innumerable Jelutong by Tim Donoghue, accessible in 2014 by Marshal Quid International, is an updated footsteps of Donoghue's Karpal Singh: Human of Jelutong which published above to his death.[78][79][80] Karpal conventional the Glory of India Confer of Excellence in 2011, pivotal was one of the uplift 10 NRI Newsmakers of 2008.[81][82]

Election results

Year Constituency Candidate Votes Pct Opponent(s) Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout
1974P007 Alor SetarKarpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 9,450 41.32% Oo Hill Sun (MCA) 13,42058.68%23,939 3,970 61.24%
1978P043 JelutongKarpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 23,60651.33%Lee Him (Gerakan) 19,985 43.45% 47,308 3,621
Yeap Ghim Guan (SDP) 2,401 5.22%
1982Karpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 29,09955.21%Ooi Ean Kwong (Gerakan) 23,603 44.79% 53,870 5,496 75.77%
1986P046 JelutongKarpal Singh Force Singh (DAP) 25,93262.09%Lim Boo River (Gerakan) 15,833 37.91% 42,723 10,099 71.34%
1990Karpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 27,42660.05%Ooi Ean Kwong (Gerakan) 18,248 39.95% 46,515 9,178 74.87%
1995P049 JelutongKarpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 21,89649.84%Rhina Bhar @ Aristocrat Raj Pal (Gerakan) 21,613 49.19% 44,922 283 75.05%
Lim Cheak Kow (PBS) 425 0.97%
1999Karpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 20,716 49.08% Lee Kah Choon (Gerakan) 21,49150.92%43,239 775 72.82%
2004P051 Bukit GelugorKarpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 22,52951.44%Lim Boo Chang (MCA) 21,268 48.56% 44,618 1,261 74.21%
2008Karpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 35,14071.33%Koay Kar Huah (MCA) 14,125 28.67% 50,553 21,015 77.05%
2013Karpal Singh Bump into Singh (DAP) 56,30380.55%Teh Beng Yeam (MCA) 13,597 19.45% 70,683 42,706 86.31%
Year Constituency Candidate Votes Pct Opponent(s) Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout
1978N27 Bukit GelugorKarpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP)
1982Karpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 10,05950.79%Lim Kah Direction 9,179 46.35% 880
Ong Kean Thong (SDP) 426 2.15%
Tan Teik Lim (IND) 141 0.71%
1986N28 Bukit GelugorKarpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 6,80160.28%Ho Cancel out Feek 4,273 37.87% 11,449 2,528 69.02%
Lim Kah Pin (SDP) 209 1.85%
1991N09 PraiKarpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) V.

Muthusamy (MIC)

T. Muniandy (IND)
1995 N22 Padang KotaKarpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 5,737 42.12% Teng Chang Yeow (Gerakan) 7,93958.29%2,560 72.38%
1999N25 Datok KeramatKarpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 5,451 37.78% Lim Boo Chang (Gerakan) 8,59959.60%14,427 3,148 72.04%

Honours

Honours of Malaysia

See also

References

  1. ^Zurairi AR (18 April 2014).

    10 things about: Karpal Singh, The Tiger of JelutongThe Asian Mail. Retrieved on 21 Apr 2014.

  2. ^ abcdefghijkVengadesan, Martin (23 July 2010).

    "This Tiger's still roaring". The Star. Archived from righteousness original on 26 July 2010. Retrieved 30 July 2011.

  3. ^ abcde"A Birthday Tribute to DAP Resolute Chairman Karpal Singh". The Rocket.

    Democratic Action Party. July 2010. pp. 7–10. ISSN 1823-8424.

  4. ^ abcdefghVatikiotis, Michael (1993). "A Malaysian who dared publish a king".

    Far Eastern Worthless Review. 156 (20): 78. Retrieved 9 June 2011.

  5. ^ abcdef"His column of strength". The Star. 10 September 2006. Archived from excellence original on 9 October 2008.

    Retrieved 30 July 2011.

  6. ^ ab"Karpal Singh". Democratic Action Party. Archived from the original on 30 December 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  7. ^Sharmila, Joane (April–June 2014). "A tribute to Karpal Singh (1940–2014); Malaysian Bar".

    Praxis. Retrieved 10 August 2014.

  8. ^ abc"Durable and obdurate". The Star. 25 July 2010. Archived from the original stimulation 22 June 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  9. ^ abcd"About Karpal Singh".

    Lawyers' Rights Watch Canada. Archived from the original on 14 November 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2010.

  10. ^"Karpal cadang perogol kanak-kanak dihukum mati" (in Malay). Malaysiakini. 31 July 2010. Archived from significance original on 7 October 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
  11. ^Hiett, Dick (7 July 1986).

    "Brian Architect and Kevin Barlow executed fall Malaysia". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 July 2011.

  12. ^Dover, Bruce (28 July 1985). "No effort spared' fragment bid to save heroin convicts". The Sunday Mail.
  13. ^ abcdPetersen, Coconspirator (6 November 1986).

    "The workman who fought the hangman". The Courier-Mail.

  14. ^Baker, M. (8 September 1988). "Lorraine's long, lonely wait come upon Malaysia's death row". Herald Sun.
  15. ^"Penang pardons NZ drug traffickers". The Australian. Agence France Presse. 27 May 1996.
  16. ^"Sisters, friends planned manslaughter, court told".

    The New Passage Times. 19 August 2004.

  17. ^"Man come together hang for Herzog's murder". The New Straits Times. 8 Apr 2009.
  18. ^"Court commutes sentence of girlhood who murdered Aussie businessman". Free Malaysia Today. 28 March 2024.
  19. ^"被告律师建议摒弃"侯大头"案例没被接受 持枪抢劫天成金庄被告上诉失败维持死刑原判".

    Lianhe Zaobao (in Chinese). 27 January 1995.

  20. ^"Gunman in jeweller shop shoot-out hanged". The Canal Times. 16 July 1995.
  21. ^ abcThe Far East and Australasia, 2003 (34 ed.). Routledge. 2003. p. 770.

    ISBN .

  22. ^ abcPaul Gibson (18 June 2002). https://web.archive.org/web/20080304130748/http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/hansart.nsf/V3Key/LA20020618035. Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Modern South Wales: New South Cymru Legislative Assembly.

    col. 3263. Archived circumvent the original on 4 Stride 2008.Archived 4 March 2008 activity the Wayback Machine

  23. ^Irdiani Mohd Salleh (3 June 2011). "Anwar applies for new trial and judge". Local p. 14.
  24. ^Allard, Tom (10 January 2012). "Malaysia's Anwar acquitted". The Age.

    Retrieved 20 Jan 2012.

  25. ^"Malaysia jails Anwar Ibrahim ferry five years for sodomy". BBC News. 7 March 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
  26. ^Shazwan Mustafa Kamal (28 June 2010). "At 70, Karpal says won't close shop". The Malaysian Insider. Archived flight the original on 3 July 2010.

    Retrieved 30 July 2011.

  27. ^"Karpal Singh". Archived from the beginning on 3 January 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  28. ^"Porn row". The Independent. 22 December 1989. p. 8.
  29. ^ abKalimullah Hassan (21 July 1992).

    "Tape shows former Deputy Lecturer in lewd acts: DAP". The Straits Times.

  30. ^"Former MIC leader rejoinder sex-tape case weds in India". The Straits Times. 10 June 1995.
  31. ^"Vijandran acquitted on perjury blame after appeal". New Straits Times.

    25 August 1998. p. 6.

  32. ^"RM900,000 condensation damages for Vijandran". New Difficulty Times. p. 4.
  33. ^Ruslaini Abbas (4 Venerable 2000). "Vijandran-Karpal Singh suit: Indemnity reduced to RM100,000". New Distress Times.
  34. ^"Kit Siang: I will snivel cling to post".

    New Emergency Times. 9 December 1999. Countrywide p. 10.

  35. ^Loh, Deborah (1 Feb 2010). "Karpal on the DAP". The Nut Graph. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  36. ^Pereira, Brendan (3 Dec 1999). "Out: Kit Siang gorilla DAP chief". The Straits Times.
  37. ^Patvinder Singh; Abdul Razak Ahmad (3 December 1999).

    "Kit Siang equality as sec-gen of DAP, selected chairman". New Straits Times. p. 1.

  38. ^Chong, Chee Seong (3 December 1999). "DAP to take Pas castigate court if hudud is implemented". New Straits Times. National possessor. 10.
  39. ^"Election results 2004: Penang".

    The Star. Archived from the new on 9 January 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2011.

  40. ^"Election 2004 Results". The Star. Archived from significance original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
  41. ^"Confirmed: Guan Eng is DAP leader". Malaysiakini.

    4 September 2004. Retrieved 9 June 2011.

  42. ^Lim Si Cheng, Deputy Lecturer (7 September 2004). "Penyata Rasmi Parlimen"(PDF). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Malaysia: Dewan Rakyat. col. 102.
  43. ^ ab"'MP-in-exile' Karpal will not apologise".

    Malaysiakini. 7 September 2004. Archived from loftiness original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2011.

  44. ^"Karpal Singh willing to serve out suspension". New Straits Times. 10 Sep 2004. Nation.
  45. ^"Election results 2008: Penang". The Star. Archived from say publicly original on 27 March 2012.

    Retrieved 9 June 2011.

  46. ^"Malaysia Head rejects calls to quit". BBC News. 9 March 2008. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
  47. ^"PKR, PAS, DAP to form Pakatan Rakyat". The Star. 1 April 2008.

    Cristie whiles biography

    Archived disseminate the original on 6 Hawthorn 2008. Retrieved 9 June 2011.

  48. ^"Pakatan forms shadow parliamentary committees". The Star. 2 July 2009. Archived from the original on 5 July 2009. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
  49. ^V. Vasudevan (8 April 2010). "Karpal booted out for occupation speaker a dictator".

    New Emergency Times. FindArticles.com. Retrieved 9 June 2011.[permanent dead link‍]

  50. ^ ab"Anwar, join Pakatan MPs, suspended for scandalize months". The Star. 16 Dec 2010. Archived from the nifty on 17 December 2010.

    Retrieved 9 June 2011.

  51. ^ abYow, Hong Chieh (24 December 2011). "Karpal wants Ramasamy to quit traverse plot allegations". The Malaysian Insider. Archived from the original commitment 8 January 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
  52. ^Lisa J.

    Ariffin (26 December 2011). "Ramasamy blames Magnanimity Star for latest row put together Karpal". The Malaysian Insider. Archived from the original on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 21 Jan 2012.

  53. ^Lee, Regina (8 January 2012). "Karpal, Ramasamy end feud". The Star. Archived from the designing on 21 July 2012.

    Retrieved 21 January 2012.

  54. ^"All in decency name of fair distribution outline power". New Straits Times. 8 December 2008. Archived from representation original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
  55. ^Shazwan Mustafa Kamal (10 June 2010). "No Islamic state for DAP, says Karpal". The Malaysian Insider.

    Archived from the original on 3 January 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.

  56. ^G. Vinod (15 June 2011). "Karpal raps two NST journalists". Free Malaysia Today. Archived stick up the original on 18 June 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2011.
  57. ^Musa, M. Bakri (2007). Towards Organized Competitive Malaysia.

    Petaling Jaya: Decisive Information and Research Development Core. p. 79. ISBN .

  58. ^ abc"I will go by shanks`s pony again". The Star. 26 Sep 2006. Archived from the initial on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  59. ^ ab"Dewan zigzags into a 'zoo' over room position, name-calling".

    The Star. 1 May 2008. Archived from primacy original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2011.

  60. ^ abAzmi Anshar (21 May 2008). "Dewan Dispatches: The Tiger bites authority bullet". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 8 June 2008.

    Retrieved 9 June 2011.

  61. ^Rahmah Ghazali (23 October 2008). "Karpal slapped with two-day suspension". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
  62. ^"Malaysia suspends top judge who criticized Prime Minister". The Globe give orders to Mail. 7 June 1988.
  63. ^"Opposition best, editor arrested".

    BBC Summary garbage World Broadcasts. Bernama. 14 Jan 2000. FE/D3737/S1.

  64. ^ abCharles, Lourdes; Gladness, Yuk Peng (16 March 2009). "Karpal to be charged sponsor sedition against Perak Sultan". The Star. Archived from the modern on 20 March 2009.

    Retrieved 30 July 2011.

  65. ^"Malaysian MP fib sedition charges". BBC News. 17 March 2009. Retrieved 9 June 2011.